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Design an app like WhatsApp for the blind.

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I would like to clarify following questions:

What does Whatsapp like literally mean? Whatsapp has chatting provision, audio calling, video calling.

Also I would like to understand what level of blindness do we mean by "blind". Some people might be just 50% blind and can see and view stuff (though it would be hazy). Also, I would like to understand if this app would be for the people who have recently become blind in their lifetime or are blind since birth (because such people would not even know about our conventional whatsapp).

Assuming, this app is for 100% fully blind people and we need to build a connecting/chatting mobile app for them. I am not considering web client.

My approach would be the following:

USE CASES:

  • Invoking the app
  • Audio messaging
  • Audio calling
  • Closing the app
  • Recieving the audio message
  • Recieving the audio call
  • Reviewing previous messages
  • Changing the profile icon
  • Sharing location information
  • sharing documentation
It is to be noted that while creating this app, there would a modification in the mobile hardware also.
The proposed solution for above use cases can be as follows:
  1. There will be 3 hardware buttons on the mobile phone that would dedicated to this app. Once button would be used for invoking the app.
  2. Once the app is invoked, there will be peculiar sound signaling the invoking of the app. This button would be used to close the app too
  3. The other button would used to initiate a audio message. The contact can be selected from the saved contacts. After pressing the button, the blind person can speak the contact's name and the audio message can start being recorded.
  4. The other button would be used to call the person from within contact list
  5. There will be text to speech functionality integrated in the app. If the contact tries to reach out to the blind person through text, that text will be converted to audio every time for the blind person. Hence, the reception of the messages would always be through audio
  6. Alternatively, I would suggest integration of voice assistants like Google and Alexa with this app. The blind person can ask assistnt to share his location to one of the contacts. Also, the assistant can read out or play the previous messages from the audio respository (particular date, particular contact).
 Aleax or google assistant integration involves buy in from Amazon and Google and is effort from both the ends. This feature would consume amount of time. We would also have to partner or collaborate with an mobile OEM to work closely with mobile OS APIs that would be integrated the app. Alternatively, if we integrate with any of the assistants, the assistant can itself invoke, initiate, close the calls and app. That would be a one time effort. Hence, I would initially try for integration with one of the assistants and get a buy in from the Google and Amazon. 
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Good answer. I would also include a couple out of the box ideas such as "enable blind person to send audio message to a friend to confirm correctness of conversion of message from audio to text". Also, don't forget to evaluate and prioritize your use cases and features as described in the "How to Answer a Product Design question" article in this site.
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Clarification questions:

When you say blind, is it fully blind or partial vision impairment?

Whatsap like app: Fair to assume messaging app to share messages, pictures to friends/family.

Objective: develop an app that enables blind people to easily communicate with their loved ones.

User groups:

  • Blind people who lost full vision but were able to see in the past
  • Blind people who lost partial vision but were able to see in the past.
  • Blind people who were never able to see
  • Friends and family members of the blind people
I will prioritize - 
  • Blind people who lost partial vision but were able to see in the past.

Reason: With partial vision, the current group painpoints have high potential to be resolved with current technogy we have today.

 

User Journey:

  • A partially blind person gets a message 1:1 basis or in group chat,  need to read and reply.
  • Stories posting
  • See other people's status
  • Keep user profile information accurate
Pain Points
  1. It will also be difficult for the blind person to read messages received, initiate sending message and reply back to received message 
  2. Image message received- personal family pics or jokes etc are also hard to see and reply back without discomfort.
  3. Make it difficult to be part of groups as there is always flood of messages
  4. Miss important group messages
Prioritize based on severity of pain point
1. #1 will be prioritiozed for solutioning as this is the most common use case and biggest pain point for blind people from texting perspective.
2. #2 is moderate. Family pics help keep emotional bond with family and friends. Joke sharing images bring laughter and joy.
#3 and #4 will be low priority for MVP. Learning experience in mastering #1 and #2 for MVP will help with these 2 pain points in later releases.
 
Solutions:
1. Voice enabled  feature for the following
  • Write a message: User can speak 'Send message to ABC from my contacts and write...... Once typed , the message can be read back slowly line ny line and get confirmation if anything needs to be changed per line.   Once verbally confirmed it can be sent to the user.       
  • Message Received Notification: Notify verbally, "you have recived message from XYZ, do you want me to read the message.User can choose to be notified for every received messages or notify only when user Opens the  App (option will be there to set as wanted to be notified every time or notify only if from favorite and rest on Opening the app or Notify only when I open the App)
  •  Read my messages: 
  •  Reply to my messages
  • Send Voice message
2. Using AI, joke images can read text written on the jokes (High dev effort, low impact)
3. Friends and Family members when sending pics to blind person will have ability to add voice memo for each pic they send to describe the pic. This will be Med dev effort and med impact.
4. User Account creation is  necessary for any app to work, so easy mobile phone verification and be able to maintain some basic information whether user is blind or friend of blind will be needed
 
Prioritize : #1 ,3 and 4
 
Metrics: Since it is a new product, so metrics will be around Awarenes, adoption and activation
 
 
1. # of app downloads 
2. # of profiles created for blind users.
3. MAU with atleast 5 transactions (messages sent, received, voic memos etc)
4. Retention over 30 days period
 
North Star: # of profiles created for blind users as we are still in intial awareness mode
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Solution 1:  Text to voice conversion:

Step 1: Person can select the chat or call option. As chat is first and call is last tab.

Step 2: On scrolling down, phone will speak the names and person can stop scrolling on listening the name he wants to communicate.

Step 3: Use record the sound feature and send the message. Receive the message and listen it using "text to voice conversion" or simply ask the other user to send audio chat.

Solution 2: Similar to the IVRS system.

Step 1: Speak 1 for call, 2 for chat.

Step 2: Say "stop" (Or any similar word) on the first character of the name you want to communicate. Then app will sound the name from that char. Say  "stop" on the name you want to communicate.

Step 3: Send the message using "record audio" feature.
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Goal : Provide blind users ability to communicate with their family/friends effortlessly 

 

Users

Blind users

Regular users(their friends/family)

Whatsapp as platform

 

Uses of Whatsapp -  Texting, Voice/video calling, pay, status(story),

 Focus on Texting since that has highest value to users.

 

User Journey

  • Open app
  • Decide who to text
  • Decide what to text
  • Get notified of response
  • Read Response
  • Back and forth
  • Close app

 

Pain points [ priority: size or market, Impact of solving it ]

  • Tactile interface not there to open app [M, H]
  • No easy way to "click" on a person name [M, H]
  • Read last few messages for context [H, H]
  • 2 way communication. E.g-  can dictate what I want to say - but convert to text [H,H] ---- PRIORITIZED
  • Tactile interface to close app

 

Solutions [priority:  Net benefit, effort]

 

  • Special Phone with buttons/voice message only - Preset messages on button, Preset caller IDs, Buttons to record message and send voice message, button to play voice message [ M, M =Hardware]
  • Additionally, software for Speech to text solution to dictate, Text to speech solution to read [ H, H = +software]
  • Alexa or Google assistant into the messaging - comes with rich set of functionalities [added skills like send location etc?] - [H, M=software integration one time] --- PRIORITIZED

 

Metrics

# DAU using google assistant to communicate

# Repeat users over a 7 day period - Cohort analysis

 

Risk:  Additional skills will need to be built in - like if I ask whatsapp to read my messages from a contact, wont let me do it today.

 

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